Oil burner



ec. 17, 929. F. HARDINGE OIL BURNER Filed NOV. 10 1924 'Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED s'lATi-:s Panini-"Avrv ori-"ICE FRANKLIN HARDINGE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HARDINGE BROTHERS, ING., F CHICAGO,v ILLINOIS, A GORIORATION 0F ILLINOIS OIL BURNER Application Bled November 10,1924. Serial No. 748,862.

My invention relates to -improvements in oil burners, and especially to improvements in that type of oil burner wherein a rotary tubular atomizing nozzle, the inner surface of which is in the shape of n inverted bell, is employed, and the oil passes upwardly over the inner surface to be discharged from its upper flared edge by centrifugal force where it is atomized and mixed with the air. My

invention is particularly concerned with improved means for feeding the fuel oil from a stationary supply conduit to the inner sur'n face of the nozzle 1n such a manner that even with a very small consumption of oil per hour, the flow will be continuous and uniform, at the same time being adapted for a considerable range of consumption.

Such a stationary conduit is preferably in the form of a stationary standpipe extending into the interior of the nozzle, whereits end is exposed tothe heat ofthe flame Within the fire boX. Another object of my invention,

therefore, is the provision of a cap or tip for the standpipe which will be so shielded and cooled as to lessen the tendency of carbon deposits or the like on the standpipe, especially about its dischare opening. While in some types of burners the standpipe tip or cap may be easily removed for cleaning, these carbon deposits are a source of trouble and annoyance and necessitate the shutting down of the burner for cleaning. By my invention, such carbon deposits are avoided in part by passing the oil through a passage within the cap f sufficiently closeeto the heated area to absorb the heat therefrom and thus act as a circulating cooling agent, and in part by flowing the oil over the exposed surface of the cap to cool it. v

It has been found desirable to pass a current of air through the central passage of such a rotary atomizer not only to augment the supply of oxygen to the vaporized oil, but to flow out of the nozzle over the film of oil to help cool the nozzle at its openend whereit is subjected to the intense heat of the flame, thus preventing a premature burning of the oil and preventing carbon deposits on the inner surface of the nozzle which would impede the uniform flow of the oil film.

When a stationary standpipe is employed within the opening of the nozzle, it is most convenient to introduce this current of air at the lower end of the nozzle and lead it through a passageway between the standpipe and the inner surfaces of the nozzle. As a further object of my invention, I provide a discharge tip or cap for the standplpe which permits a relatively free passage of .such air past the cap in such a manner as not to interfere with continuity of oil delivery from the standpipe to the nozzle. I also contemplate the use of a standpipe comprising radiating portions in the path of this air current, which aid in the cooling of the head.

A still further object is to prevent the cap from being injured or the standpipe from being sprung out of adjustment with the rotating parts as has frequently resulted in the past from the use of a poker or other carbon cleaning instrument inserted in-to the throat of the atomizer.

The foregoing, and further objects and fea,- tures of m invention are set forth in the following escription of a specific embodiment-thereof, which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a portion of an oil burner;

Figure 2 is an enlarged detail in section of the standpipe cap and associated parts;

Figure 3 is a plan view ofthe parts of vFigure 2;

Figures 4 and 5 are a vertical section and plain of a modied form of standpipe cap; an

Figures 6 and 7 are a vertical section and plan of another modified form of standpipe cap.

The oil burner I have shown in the drawings is of substantially the same type of construction as that shown in my co-pending application Serial No. 572,455, filedJuly 3, 1922, which .discloses somewhat in detail the entire device. In order to clarify the drawings in this application, I have omitted a. number of elements and details.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, I have shown a head or housing 10 within vwhich is vertically journalled a hollow spin- 10o dle 11 by the upper and lower balll bearings 12, and driven through a bevel pinion 13 and bevel gear 14 by a drive shaft 15 connectedl to va suitable source of power such as an electric motor. A hollow atomizinw nozzle 16 is screw-threaded onto or, otherwise rigidly secured to the upper end of the spindle 11 to rotate therewith. The lower portion of the nozzle 16 is tubular in form, .its inner surface taperingvery slightl toward its lower end, 'while the upper end o the nozzle is flared outwardly ina bell-like manner almost to a tangent with the horizontal plane of its uper edge. The upper peripher of the bell orms a knife edge 17, from w ich fuel oil is centrifugally discharged in a very. thin film which is immediatel atomized into a combustible mixture, whic is thrown toward the annularwa'll 18 of the fire box. Imme-y diately beneath its peripheralA yedge 17, the

" nozzle 16 carries a number of radial fan blades 2 1 beneath the outer @dge of t rm -pedestal 25 to the base 26 of t e device. rPhe standpipe, which, of course, remains stationary and fixed to the pedestal 25, extends centrally through the hollow spindle 11 and into the lower end of the nozzle 16. A second tube 11 is disposed between the rotary spindle 11 and the standpipe 24 and supported at its lower end in the head 10; T-he tube 11 is spaced from the rotary spindle 11 to prevent friction'and also spaced from the standpipe 24 to form an annular passage between the 4 tube and standpipe as indicated at`24, this passa e being open at the bottom of the head where y air can iiowupwardly to the interior of the atomizing nozzle 16. The upper end of the standpipe 24 is externally threaded as at 27 to receive the internally threaded end of the downwardly extending stem v28 of the standpipe tipnor cap 29. The cap is formed with an enlarged head having a substantially cylindrical conformation shouldered outwardly at 30 adjacent its lower end to provide 'a narrow cylindrical discharge surface 31.

Three obliquely bored radial ducts 29 lead from the interior bore of the cap to the outer side of the head, wherebythel oil may flow downwardly onto the distributing shoulder 30 and thence to the discharge surface 31.

The upper end of the spindle 11, which carries the screw threads 32 by means of which the nozzle 1.6 is secured to the spindle` is projected upwardly above the threads and terminates opposite the discharge surface 31 aplower edges.' This in effect forms a s oulder 33 for the lower end of the nozzle'. The discharge surface 31 of the standpipe head is of sufficient diameter to leave a gap of capillary dimensionwhich is only 1/64 of an inch or so between it and the-inner edge of the spindle. Oil flowing from the standpipe onto its discharge surface 31y tends, because of its inherent body, to bridge the small air gap onto the rotary spindle by capillary action.

The high speed of the rotary spindle causes suiicient centrifu al-force on the oil delivered to the shoul er 33 to cause it to move outwardly to the inner wall of the nozzle and to travel upwardly alon this nozzle due to the slight outward taper o the lower end of the nozzle. Because of the inherent cohesion of the fuel oil,the oil at the upper inner edge of the spindle and also on the shoulder 33 will tend to rotate the oil still on the stationary discharge surface 31 of the standpipe. This not only aids in ,bringing the oil across the gap'in a uniform feed, but also in turn tends to lmpart a rotary actionto the oil as soon as it flows from the radial ducts 29 onto the shoulder 30. The shoulder 30, as well as the discharge surface 31, thus functions as a distributing surface so that the oil is evenly distributed around the periphery of vthe discharge surface before it is carried across tol the rotary nozzle.

It is to be noted that in my oil delivery means there is no tendency for the oil which has been delivered to the rotary nozzle to 4be whip ed, as would be the Icase if there were oil fee tubes or other protuberances projecting from the standpipe vto the nozzle and thereby impair the uniform feed of fuel oil from the nozzle edgel by starting it up the tapered wall of the nozzle in spasmodic surges.

As the oil climbs the tapering inner wall of the nozzle under centrifugal force, it tends to further distribute itself as an even film which becomes thinner as it nears the top of the rotary nozzle and the Hare' of the nozzle increases.l When fin-ally discharged from the knife-edge 17, the film is so thin that it is readily atomized into the air discharged by the fan blades 19.

At its upper end, the spindle 11 carries a thimble 35 of somewhat lesser diameter, the thimble extending upwardly preferably into the cut away portion .36 of the standpipe cap beneath the apron 30 and downwardly within the upper edgeof the tube 11. This leaves an annular pocket 37 in the lower end of the nozzle 16. When the operation of the device is stopped, as by shutting off the motor, thc

pocket 37, the oil would iiow down the spindle and either' dilute the lubricating oil for the bearings and gearing within the head 10, or be disc iai-ged into the open pan of the base 26. The upper end of theA spindle` which forms the outer wall for the pocket 37, is tapered slightly upwardly and outwardly so that the pocket will quickly empty itself of oil by centrifugal force when the device is again set in operation. In addition to this, when the burner is in operation and the nozzle rotating at its usual high speed, any oil which is not immediately carried onto the shoulder 33 and tends to gravitate along the outer wall of the pocket. will again climb upwardly under centriiugal force and discharge itself onto the shoulders 33.

At its lower end, the interior of the tube 11 is open to the outside air which passes upwardly (which interior is within the spindle) and around the standpipe 24. The upward tapering and flaring of thehigh speed rotary nozzle 16 creates sufficient draft to insure a considerable flowl of air 'within the spindle. This stream',` of fair passes through the annular space between .the thimble 35 and the standpipe 'cap 29, whenceit is discharged into the nozzle 16. If this entire stream of air were forced downwardly and outwardly aroundthe lower periphery of the cap, it would not only be materially restricted in its free passage, but would tend, because of its velocity, to disrupt the continuous feed of oil from the discharge surface 31 of the cap onto the nozzle. To avoid these effects, I provide a plurality of vertical holes 38 through the head 29 directly over the end of the thimble 35, so that the air carried up within the spindle 11 and the ihimble 35 will continue its upward flow without restriction or deviation. As shown in Figure 3, these vertical holes are arranged in pairs between the three radial feed ducts 29,'whereby the fuel oil is in effect fed across the air stream but without actual contact therewith. Since the major portion of the air flow is through the holes 38, there is but little interference by the air stream with the oil feed from the stationary cap onto the rotary nozzle.

Even after the oil has been emptied from the bottom of the pocket 37, the centrifugal force of the air set in motion by the skin friction with the rotary outer wall of the pocket will tend to climb the tapering wall and exert a slight upward pressure against the oil being transferred across the gap from the station'- ary discharge surface 31 to the nozzle shoulder 33. This force tends to prevent any oil not readily passed across the gap from gravitating down into the pocket. The contrifugally developed air pressure is also somewhat augmented by the higher air pressure developed in the pocket which is higher than that immediately above the pocket, due to the fact that the total of the areas of the air passages 38 is somewhat less than the arca of the annular air passage between the standpipe and the nipple.

The upper end of the nozzle 16 is open, and better results are obtained if it is not shielded. This leaves the lower end of the nozzle, as well as the standpipe cap 29, exposed tothe intense heat within the fire box. viously discussed carbon formations which tend to accompany exposure to such heat are prevented on the inner surfaces of the nozzle by the moving oil lm andthe cooling air carried up through the s )indle 11. By carrying the oil fed up throug the standpipe and its radial ducts 29', the oil serves as a cooling medium to absorb heat from the exposed surfaces of the cap, and hence keep the cap below the temperature at which the troublesome carbon deposits will form. The heating of the oil also tends to make it thinner and less susceptible to interruptions in 'its feed across the gap between the cap and the rotary nozzle 16. Leading the air stream through the holes 38 in the cap 29 likewise, and to a greater extent, cools the exposed surfaces of the cap. The holes 38 are long enough to provide 'a considerable radiating.

area. of the cap to the air passing therethrough.

' While I tnd that three of the radial ducts '29 is the most satisfactory number, I contemplate that there may be more or less than these, and that even one duct may be made to suffice.

When a plurality of ducts 29 are used as in the present disclosure, one of the ducts is preferably drilled to communicate with the central bore of the head at a level very slightly lower than thev others, so that at low rates of consumption per hour the small flow of oil will not have to be divided among a number of ducts, but may be concentrated in a single duct to facilitate the continuity of oil delivery.

Since the cap 29 is ten or twelvev inches fromfthe fixed base of the standpipe and there is a clearance of only 1/64 of an inch between the dcylindrical discharge surface 31 and the upper end of the spindle 16, the head obviousl cannot be moved sufficiently to sp1 ing it permanently out of alignment. When a poker or similar tool is inserted through the mouth of the rotating nozzle and down into the throat to scrape carbon deposits therefrom, the poker is very apt to hit the cap. The poker, however, can move my The precap only 1/64 of an inch when lthe cap will contact the rotatin spindle. As soon as the poker is removed t 1e cap springs back to its central position.

vIn Figures 4 and 5 I have shown a modiication of the standpipe head. In this form the radial ducts 29" lead onto a conical distributing and discharge surface in the form of bein vertical holes throu h the head are vertica slots 38 through t e apron. The a ron as shown in Figure'5 is thereby vided into six sectors, the radial ducts 29' f. leading the oil onto alternate sectors. In

this modification, the knife edge of the apron may be opposite the upper interior surface of the spindle 11 as in the construction of Figures 2 and 3, or as indicated by the broken mlines in Figure 4, the apron may discharge the oil directly onto the lower interior wall A of the nozzle 16 above the shoulder 33. A squared protuberance 40 at the top of the standpipe 24 ma be employed for engagement by a suitab e socket wrench to unscrew the cap from the standpipe. In the form 'shown in Fi ures 2 and 3, a suitable Spanner wrench may e employed to engage two ofthe air passage holes 38.

In Figures 6 and 7, I have shown a still further modification of the standpipe cap. It differs from that in Figures 4 an 5 in that instead of leadin the oil onto the apron through radial ucts, the oil is passed es through a central aperture at the top of the cap and allowed to ow over the top surface of the cap and over the a ron 39 in a iilm. The apron 39 is provi ed with air passage holes 38 similar to the holes or slots to 38 of the cap4 of Figures 4 and 5. Invthe cap of Figures 6 and 7, the oil is discharged from the mar ins of a'll of the apron sectors formed by the lgioles or slots 38". continuous ilow of oil over all the entire up- $5 per' surface of the cap exposed to the intenseheat of the flames, the surface is suiliciently cooled by the oil and the oil moves sufficiently fast to prevent the formation of carbon deposits. The apron 39 acts as a radiator to the air passing u Wardly through the holes or slots 38 for elping to keep the upper surfaces of the cap cool. The central opening 40 may be of squared or hexagonal contour for the reception of a suitable wrench.

While I have described these particular embodiments of my invent-ion, it is to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

. Vhat I claim is:

1. An oil burner comprising a head having a hollow spindle rotatabl mounted therein, a tube supported in sai hollow spindle and extendin upwardly to a point adjacent the up er en of said spindle, a thimble having reduced ends mounted in the up er end of said spindle, one end of said thimgle projecting downwardly into said tube, and the other end of said thimble forming an annular ocket between it and said spindle, a standpipe extending upwardly through said tube and said thimble and in spaced relation thereto to form an air passageway, said spindle extending upwardly into an outward- 65 ly ,flaring atomizing nozzle, and a tip for Since there is a said stand ipe for leading oil therefrom over the end o said thimble to the inner surface of said spindle. I

2. An oil burner comprising a head having a hollow spindle rotatably mounted there- 7o in, a tube supported in said hollow spindle and extending upwardl to a oint ad]acent the upper end of sai spin le, a thimbleJ mounted in said spindle and projecting upwardly to form a ocket between said thimble and said spindle, a standpipe in spaced relation thereto to form an air passageway, an outwardl flaring tubular atomizing nozzle detachabl'y mounted on said spindle, and

a cap for the upper end of said standpipc having oil guiding means extending over the upper end of the thimble for carrying the oil across the stream of air flowing from said plassageway and for supplying it to said nozz e.

3. An oil burner comprising in combination a rotary tubular atomizing nozzle flaring upwardly 4and outwardly, a stationary standEipe for supplying oil thereto, a passage etween the standpipe and nozzle for the flow of air through the nozzle and out its said Haring end, said standpipe having a tip rovided with an annular oil leading memer extending to a point closely horizontally opposite the inner surface of the nozzle for conducting oil from said standpipe outwardly horizontally across said air flow and discharging it directly and annularly onto said surface as a continuous annular stream.

4. An oil burner comprisin a rotary tubular atomizing nozzle, a stan( pipe disposed therewithin, means providing an air stream along the exterior of the stand ipe and throu h the tubular nozzle, and a tip for the end o the standpipe having means thereon for discharging oil therefrom directly onto the inner surface of the rotary nozzle, said means comprising an annular distributing flange extending from the standpi'pe toward said inner surface of the nozzle, and passage means on the tip for carrying oil from the standpipe onto the flange across said air stream.

5. An oil burner comprising a rotary nozzle having an inverted bell-shaped discharge opening, a stationary oil supply conduit extending to the interior of said nozzle, a tip for said conduit having an annular distributing surface extending outwardly from the tip closely to the inner wall of the nozzle llO -and exposed to the heat at the mouth thereof, and assage means for carrying oil from the con uit onto the said exposed surface, said surface discharging oil horizontally aided by centrifugal `force directlyand in an uninterrupted continuous stream onto the inner surface of the nozzle.

6. 1n an oil burner, the combination of a rotary tubular nozzle having an upwardly flaring inner surface, a standpipe leading 1 face discharging the oil onto the nozzle, and

a plurality of air passages through the cap for carrying the air stream around the oil passing onto said surface.

7. In an oil burner, the combination of a rotary tubular nozzle having an upwardly\ aring inner surface, a standpipe leading upwardly to the interior of the nozzle, a passage between the standpipe and the nozzle for a flow of air through the nozzle, a cap for the standpipe'exposed to heat through the `mouth of the nozzle and having means for leading the oil from the standpipe to the nozzle, and passages for said air flow in the cap v forming radiating surfaces for cooling the I8). An oil burner cQmprising a rotary hollow atomizing nozzle outwardly flared at its upper end to discharge oil therefrom centrifugally, a standpipe extending into the -interior of saidnozzle, and a head for said standpipe having an annular external oil delivering surface, the opposite surface of the nozzle being closely spaced transversely therefrom to draw oil outwardly directly from the head onto the inner surface of the atomizer.

9. An oil burner comprising a vertical oil delivering feed pipe, a tubularrotary atomiz# ing nozzle disposed about the standpipe and outwardly flared at its upper end for centrifugally discharging oil, and means for delivering oil from the feed pipe to the nozzle in a uniform flow comprising a tip on the' standpipe having a continuous external cylindrical delivering surface, oil passage means from the feed pipe to said surface, and a continuous internal cylindrical surfacefon the nozzle horizontally opposite said surface of the tip and closely spaced therefrom to permit the direct passage of oil, and an upwardly facing shoulder on the nozzle at the upper edge of its said surface and within the vertical margins of said surface of the tip for drawing oil away from said surface of the tip by centrifugal force.v

10. An oil burner comprising a vertical oil delivering feed pipe, a tu ular rotary atomizing nozzlel disposed about the standpipe and outwardly flared at 4its upper end for centrifugally discharging oil, and means for delivering oil from the feed plpe to the nozzle in a uniform How comprising a tip on the standpipe having a continuous external cylindrical delivering surface, oil passage means from the feed pipe to said surface, and a contnuous internal cylindrical surface on the nozzle horizontally opposite said surface of the tip and closely spaced therefrom to permit the direct passage of oil, and a Well carried by the nozzle beneath said surfaces, said well having an upwardly and outwardlytaperingwall for carrying such oil upwardly by centrifugal force and discharging it between said surfaces.

l1. An oil burner comprising a vertical oil delivering feed pipe, a tubular rotary `atomizing nozzle disposed about the standpipe and outwardly fiared at its upper end for centrfugally dischargin oil, and means for delivering oil from the feed pipe to the nozzle in a uniform flow comprising a tip on the standpipe having afcontinuous external cylindrical delivering surface, oil passage means froni the feed pipe to said surface, and a continuous internal cylindrical surface .on the nozzle horizontally opposite said surface of the tip and closely spaced therefrom to permit the direct passage of oil, and means for providing an upward ow of air between said surfaces for preventing oil from falling downwardly from between said surfaces.

12. A fuel oil burner comprising a vertically disposed hollow rotary atomizing nozzle outwardly flared at its upper end to discharge oil centrifugally, a fuel feed`pipe extending into the interior of the nozzle, and a tip on the pipe having a cylindrically conformed external surface constituting a stationary oil delivering surface onto which oil passes from the standpipe, the inner surface of the rotary nozzle horizontally opposite said delivering surface being closely spaced therefrom to draw oil aided by centrifugal force directly from said delivering surface in a continuous horizontal stream.

13. A fuel oil burner comprising a vertically disposed hollow rotary atomiziiig nozzle outwardly flared at its upper end to discharge oil centrifugally, a fuel feed pipe extending into the interior of the nozzlea tip on the pipe having a cylindrically conformed external surface constituting a. stationar oil delivering surface ontowhich oil passes rom the standpipe, the surface-of the rotary nozzle horizontally opposite said delivering surface being closely spaced therefrom to receive oil directly from said delivering surface, and means for passing an air stream upwardly through the nozzle comprising passageways through the tip within its said oil delivering surface whereby the air stream does not impede the uniform feed of oil between said surfaces. 14. An oil burner comprising in'combination an outwardly tapered rotary atomizing nozzle, a stationary oil feed conduit extendl ing into the throat of said nozzle, the conduit capillary dimension fordel'ivering oil thereonto horizontally across said gap by the aid of cohesion and centrifu al force, and an air passageway within the circumference of said/ 1 one end and extending into an terminating within said nozzle, means affording an upward air passage to the atomizer between .the nozzle and standpipe, op sed cylindrical surfaces on the free end of the conduit and on the nozzle for transferring oil by the aid of cohesion and centrifugal force from the standpipe onto the rotary nozzle and across said air passa e, the space between said surfaces belng o capillar vdimension so that the nozzle will limit t 1e transverse movement of the free end of the standpipe within the limits of the inherent resiliency of the standpipe.

16. The combination with an oil burner apparatus, of a rotary atomizing nozzle having an upwardly flared bore, a liquid fuel standpipe disposed within the bore, an air passage between the stand ipe andthe nozzle, a fuel distributing hea on the standpipe for delivering fuel onto the inner surface of the nozzle, and an air passage through the head for the air flowing from the first passage to cool the head.

17. An oil burner comprising a vertical oil feed stand pipe, a tubular rotary atomizing nozzle disposed about the standpipe and outwardly flared at its upper end for cent-rifugally discharging oil, and means for delivering oil from the feed pipe to the nozzle in a 40 uniform flow comprising a tip on the standpipe having a continuous external cylindrical elivering surface, oil passage means from the feed pi e to said surface, and a continuous interna cylindrical surface on the nozzle horizontally opposite said surface of the tip and closely spaced therefrom to permit the direct passage of oil, and an upwardly facin shoulder on the nozzle at the upper edge o said internal cylindrical surface for draw- 60 ing oil away from said surface of the tip by centrifugal force.

18. An oil burner comprising in combination a rotary tubular atomizing nozzle-Haring upwardly and outwardly, a standpipe for supplying liquid fuel thereto, and extending into the throat of the nozzle leavin a passageway between the standpipe an nozzle for the upward How of air through the nozzle and out its said flaring end, a fuel distributing head on the standpipe provided with an annular oil discharging head extending closel to the inner surface of the nozzle for con- (filcting fuel oil from the standpipe directly and annularly onto said nozzle surface as a 05 continuous annular stream, and passage means for conducting said upwardly flowing air past the plane of said li uid fuel feed but precluding t e contact of t e fuel with the air traversin said passage means in the head.

19. In com ination'with an upwardly and outwardl flaring rotary tubular atomizing nozzle, o means for delivering fuel oil from4 a relatively stationary standpipe onto the in- .ner surface of the nozzle into the throat of which the standpipe extends, said nozzle havin a vertical cylindrical inner Wall portion,y a istributin head carried by the standpipe and provide with a vertical cylindrical discharge periphery horizontally opposite said cylindrical surface of the nozzle and means for conducting liquid fuel from the standpipe to the discharge periphery, the annular space between the said dischargeyperiphery of the standpipe and said cylindrical surface of the nozzle being so small as to permit the direct flow of fuel oil from the one to the' other in an annular continuous stream which bridges said space against the force of gravity. l

20. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination a vertically mounted upwardly and outwardly flaring rotary tubular atomizing nozzle, a vertical standpipe extending into the throat of the atomizer and forming a conduit for the delivery of liquid fuel to the burner, and a distributlng cap carried on the standpipe within the throat of the nozzle and provided with a peripheral fuel discharge surface, said nozzle havin an annular vertical walled receiving sur ace portion in its throat horizontally op osite said discharge surface of the cap, an means for conducting li uid fuel from the conduit of the standipe ownwardly onto said discharging surce, said surfaces being so closely spaced that the liquid fuel is delivered in a continuous, uninterrupted stream across the gap between said surfaces and ,against the force of gravity;

21. he combination in a fuel oil burner of a vertically mounted rotary tubular atomizing nozzle having a throat at its lower end and extending upwardly with an outward flare to form an inverted centrifugal atomizing bell for liquid fuel delivered to the inner wall of its throat, and a relatively stationary vertical standpipe extending upwardly into the throat of the nozzle, of means for delivering liquid fuel from the Standpipe onto the inner surface of the atomizerat its throat, comprising an annular vertical receiving surface portion in the throat of the atomizer and a distributing'cap carried by the standpipe and provided with a fuel oil discharge. surface closely spaced from` and horizontally opposite said receivin surface of the atomizer, and means for de ivering liquid fuel from the standpipe to said discharge surface, the said two surfaces being closely spaced that xthe liquid fuel is caraol v and outwardly Haring atomizing nozzle for ried from the said stationary surface of the standpipe cap to said rotary receiving surface of the atomizer under substantially no radial momentum and against the action of gravity and directly from one surface to the other in a continuous flow.

22. In an oil burner the combination of a vertically mounted rotary t-ubular upwardly liquid fuel having an annular inner surface, a stationary lstandpipe extendin into the throat of the nozzle for .deliveringfliquid fuel thereto, there being an annular vertical gap between the standpipe and nozzle, said ap being of suc-h dimension that the liquid uel is passed directly and horizontally from the stationary standpipe across said vertical gap onto the inner surface of the atomizer.

23. In an oil burner the combination of a vertically mounted inverted bell shaped rotary nozzle for liquid fuel, a stationary standpipe extending into the interior of the nozzle for delivering liquid fuel thereto, an oil delivering surface on the standpipe extending toward the inner surface of the nozzle and forming a vertical open space therebetween, said space being of such size that the liquid is transferred from said stationary standpipe to the inner surface of said rotary nozzle directly and horizontally across said open space, opposed to the force of gravitation.

24'. An oil burner comprising a rotary spindle, a tubular atomizing nozzle thereon, a standpipe projecting upwardly through the Iend of said atomizing nozzle, a thimble carried by the spindle surroundingl the standpipe and having an. annular portion inwardly spaced from the atomizer and projecting upwardly thereinto, and means supported by said standpipe for delivering the oil flowing therefrom onto said atomizing nozzle ata level substantially that of the top Vof said thimble( I 25. Means for delivering fuel oil onto the interior surface of a rotary upwardly and outwardly flaring tubular atomizer nozzle from a stationary standpipe disposed therewithin, comprising, in combination therewith, a cap for the standpipe having an alinular oil leading member extending to a point closely horizontally op o'site'said inner surface of the nozzle and orming therewith an annular gap, said oil leading member providing a path for conducting oil from the stand ipe and outwardly discharging it horizonta ly across said gap directly onto said surface in a continuous annular stream.

26. In an oil burner the combination of a rotary nozzle for liquid fuel, a stationary standpipe extending into the interior of the nozzle for delivering liquid fuel thereto, an

oil delivering surface on the standpipe extending toward the inner surface of the nozzle and forming a vertical open space therebetween, said 'space being of such size that the liquid is transferred from said stationary Standpipe to the inner surface of said rotary nozzle directly and horizontally across said -open space, opposed to the force of gravita-- tion.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe 7o my name this 8th day of November, 1924.

FRANKLIN HARDINGE. 

